Diseases in Garlic Crop, Their Prevention and Treatment: A Comprehensive Guide
Garlic is an important spice crop in India, which is not only used to enhance the taste in food, but is also given great importance due to its medicinal properties. But many types of diseases and problems caused by nutrient deficiency in garlic cultivation can affect the quality and production of the crop. In this article, we will discuss in detail about the major diseases in garlic crop, symptoms of nutrient deficiency, their prevention and treatment.
Symptoms and treatment of nutrient deficiency in garlic
Nutrient deficiency in garlic crop can cause problems like discoloration of leaves, stunted plant growth and reduced production. Below are the major nutrient deficiencies and their treatment:
1. Yellowing due to nitrogen deficiency
Symptoms
When the lower leaves of garlic start turning yellow and this yellowing gradually moves towards the upper leaves, it is a sign of nitrogen deficiency. Nitrogen is essential for plant growth and green leaves. Its deficiency weakens the plant and affects production.
Prevention and treatment
- Spray - Make a solution of NPK 19:19:19 at the rate of 5-6 grams per liter of water and spray it on the leaves. This provides nitrogen to the plants immediately and reduces yellowing.
- Manure management: Use urea or other nitrogen-rich fertilizers in the field. Get the field soil tested and add nitrogen in appropriate quantity.
2. Excessive yellowing due to sulfur deficiency
Symptoms
When the upper leaves of garlic become excessively yellow and this yellowing later moves towards the lower leaves, it is a symptom of sulfur deficiency. Sulfur is necessary for the formation of chlorophyll in plants and disease resistance.
Prevention and treatment
- Soil application - Add 3-5 kg of 80% WDG sulfur per acre to the soil with irrigation.
- Spray - Spray sulfur by making a solution of 2 grams per liter of water. Note that do not mix other chemicals with sulfur, as this may reduce the effect.
3. Tipburn or marginal scorching due to deficiency of potash
Symptoms
The edges of the leaves turn yellow and start drying, which is called tipburn or marginal scorching. This is due to the deficiency of potash, which is necessary for the development of roots and tubers of the plants.
Prevention and treatment
- Spray - Spray potash-rich NPK (19:19:19, 0:52:34, or 0:0:50) by making a solution of 5-6 grams per liter of water.
- Soil application - Use potash-rich fertilizers in the field, such as muriate of potash (MOP).
Major diseases of garlic and their control
Many types of fungal and bacterial diseases affect the garlic crop. Among these, blight, downy mildew, purple blotch, tuber rot and white grit attack are major. The following measures can be adopted for their control and treatment:
1. Blight, downy mildew, and purple blotch
Symptoms
- Blight - Brown-black spots and wilting on leaves.
- Downy mildew - White-brown mildew on leaves.
- Purple blotch - Purple spots on leaves and stems.
Prevention and treatment
- Mild attack - Spray UPL Saaf (Carbendazim + Mencozeb) at the rate of 2 grams per liter of water.
- Heavy attack - Spray Syngenta Kavach (25 gm) + Ridomil Gold (40 gm) per 15 litre pump.
2. Tuber rot of garlic
Symptoms
Tuber rot causes rotting of garlic roots and bulbs, causing wilting of the plant and heavy damage to the crop.
Prevention
- Treat garlic cloves with UPL Saaf (2 g per kg) before sowing.
Treatment
- If tuber rot is seen in standing crop, add copper oxychloride to the soil with irrigation at the rate of 1-1.5 kg per acre. Do not allow excess water to fill the field, because moisture promotes tuber rot.
3. Dropping of garlic leaves
Symptoms
The leaves remain small and the plant is not able to develop fully. This is due to the deficiency of boron and other nutrients in the soil.
Prevention and treatment
- Add 3 kg NPK 19:19:19 and 1 kg borax (boron) per acre in the field.
- Borax can also be sprayed to meet the deficiency of boron.
4. Attack of white grubs
Symptoms
The garlic plant suddenly wilts and when the roots are dug out, white grubs are seen eating the roots. This pest causes heavy damage to the crop.
Prevention and treatment
- Add Chloropyrifos 20% EC to the field with irrigation at the rate of 1 liter per acre.
- Check the field regularly and take immediate measures if initial symptoms of pests are seen.
General tips for garlic crop care
1. Soil test - Get the soil tested before using fertilizers in the field. This reveals the correct amount of nutrients.
2. Irrigation management - Do not fill too much water in the garlic crop, as this increases the risk of tuber rot and fungal diseases.
3. Crop rotation - Maintain soil fertility and reduce diseases by adopting crop rotation.
4. Organic measures - Control pests and diseases using neem oil or organic pesticides.
5. Timely spraying - Start spraying as soon as initial symptoms of diseases and pests are seen.
Conclusion
Good production can be obtained by timely identification of problems caused by diseases and nutrient deficiencies in garlic cultivation and adopting the right measures. Nitrogen, sulfur, and potash deficiency can be met by the use of NPK and other fertilizers. Also, the use of chemicals like Syngenta Alica, UPL Saaf, Copper Oxychloride, and Chlorpyrifos is effective in controlling diseases and pests like blight, downy mildew, tuber rot, and white wilt.
Farmers should regularly monitor the field and make balanced use of biological and chemical measures to maintain soil fertility. By adopting the information given in this article, you can keep your garlic crop healthy and get maximum production.
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